МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ ДЛЯ ТЕХ, КТО ДЕЛАЕТ ПЕРВЫЕ ШАГИ В НАУКЕ
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Генетика и демография русской сельской популяции Ярославской области
Назарова А.Ф.
Генетика и демография русской сельской популяции Ярославской области
Назарова Ариадна Филипповна, доктор биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института проблем экологии и эволюции РАН
E-mail: afnazar@yandex.ru
Исследован полиморфизм митохондриальной ДНК русской сельской популяции Ярославской области. Обнаружены гаплогруппы mt ДНК H, preV, U, T, W и X. Проведен генеалогический анализ этой сельской популяции, вычислен коэффициент инбридинга, оказавшийся весьма низким. Исследованы генодемографические показатели популяции — индексы плодовитости, смертности и тотального отбора.
Ключевые слова: русская сельская популяция, полиморфизм митохондриальной ДНК, гаплогруппы mt ДНК, коэффициент имбридинга, индекс плодовитости, индекс смертности, индекс тотального отбора.
Nazarova A.F. GENETICS AND DEMOGRAPHY OF RUSSIAN RURAL POPULATION AT YAROSLAVL REGION
Ariadna F. Nazarova, Doctor of Biology, Senior Researcher at the RAS Institute of Ecology and Evolution Problems
E-mail: afnazar@yandex.ru
We investigated the mitochondrial DNA polymorphism of Russian rural population of Yaroslavl region and found mt DNA haplogroups H, preV, U, T, W, and X. Based on the genealogical analysis of the village Sarajevo (Yaroslavl region) we have made a detailed family tree, which includes more than 390 people — both from previous generations, and now living. We did a genealogical analysis of this rural population, calculated the inbreeding coefficient, which proved to be very low (smaller than that in a number of foreign rural populations of Europe and America). Also we investigated gene-demographic indicators of this population, namely, the indices of fertility, mortality and total selection. These indices were intermediate between those of endogamous populations and industrial. Genealogical analysis allowed us to identify kinship marriages and calculate the coefficient of inbreeding, talking about the absence of inbreeding depression in this rural Russian population.
According to our research, the dynamics of mortality data generally range from 0 to 2 deaths per year, but we found a sudden mortality peak in 1999 (10 people), and the causes of this increased mortality is different from both the cardiovascular and malignant diseases and accident insurance. We have the impression that in 1999 some kind of total stress factor acted on the population of the village.
Of course, the amount of the studied population of the village at Yaroslavl region is small, and we have refrained from making general conclusions on the increase of mortality in 1999, but the demographic data for Russia as a whole also show certain increase mortality in this period.
Keywords: Russian rural population, polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups of mt DNA, the coefficient of inbreeding, the index of fertility, mortality index, the index of total selection.
